乡村治理的分寸感：再评“防止规模性返乡滞乡” The Sense of Proportion in Rural Governance: Rethinking the Policy of "Preventing Large-Scale Return and Settlement in the Countryside"

Abstract

2025年11月，农业农村部提出“防止形成规模性返乡滞乡”的政策表述，引发社会广泛讨论。本文指出，该政策并非限制农民工返乡的权利，而是着眼于防范因返乡后就业困难所导致的返贫风险。在当前城市就业空间受限、乡村产业承载力不足的背景下，公众对自身生存路径的焦虑日益加剧。文章主张，治理实践应在保障人口流动自由的前提下，提升县域经济“吸纳力”，通过产业扶持、技能培训与返乡创业支持等措施，赋予返乡以发展的可能，使其成为一种体面而可持续的选择，从而体现治理的温度与分寸。

In November 2025, the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs emphasized the need to “prevent large-scale return and settlement in the countryside,” sparking widespread public debate. This article argues that the policy aims not to restrict rural migrant workers from returning home, but rather to prevent poverty resurgence due to unemployment after return. Amid economic pressures and shrinking urban job opportunities, the mismatch between urban exclusion and insufficient rural capacity has intensified public anxiety. The article advocates for governance that respects citizens' migration rights and promotes rural job creation through county-level industrial development, vocational training, and entrepreneurial support. Only when returning to the countryside becomes a dignified and viable choice can the debate over governance boundaries find resolution.