Manuscript Title

The title should be concise, informative, and specific. It should clearly reflect the main topic, population, method, or contribution of the study.

Abstract

Provide an abstract of approximately 150–250 words. The abstract should summarize the research background, purpose, methods, key findings, and main implications. For review or theoretical articles, the abstract should clearly present the scope, argument, and contribution of the manuscript.

Keywords

Provide 4–6 keywords. Keywords should be specific, searchable, and relevant to the manuscript’s topic, method, population, or theoretical focus.

1. Introduction

The introduction should present the research background, identify the research problem, explain the significance of the study, and state the research purpose, questions, or hypotheses. It should make clear how the manuscript contributes to sport and exercise studies.

2. Literature Review / Theoretical Background

This section should review relevant scholarship, clarify key concepts, and establish the theoretical or empirical foundation of the study. Authors may use a separate literature review section or integrate the literature review into the introduction, depending on the article type and research design.

3. Methods

The methods section should describe the research design and procedures with sufficient detail. Where applicable, include:

• Research design;
• Participants, sample, or data sources;
• Recruitment and inclusion/exclusion criteria;
• Measures, instruments, or materials;
• Intervention or procedure, where applicable;
• Data collection process;
• Data analysis methods;
• Ethical approval and informed consent.

4. Results

Present the findings clearly and logically. Results should be reported in relation to the research questions, hypotheses, or analytical framework. Tables and figures may be used where they improve clarity. Avoid repeating all table contents in the text.

5. Discussion

The discussion should interpret the findings, relate them to previous research, explain theoretical or practical implications, and address the study’s limitations. Authors should avoid overstating the results and should distinguish clearly between evidence, interpretation, and speculation.

6. Conclusion

The conclusion should summarize the main findings, clarify the contribution of the study, and identify implications for research, practice, education, policy, or future inquiry.

References

References should follow APA 7th edition style. Authors must ensure that all in-text citations correspond to reference list entries and that all reference list entries are cited in the manuscript.

The title page should be uploaded separately and should include the following information:

• Manuscript title: Full title of the manuscript;
• Author names: Full names of all authors in the correct order;
• Affiliations: Department, institution, city, country/region for each author;
• Corresponding author: Name, email address, and institutional affiliation;
• ORCID iD: ORCID iD for each author, where available;
• Author contributions: Contributions of each author, where applicable;
• Funding statement: Funding source and grant number, where applicable;
• Conflict of interest statement: Any potential conflicts, or a statement declaring none;
• Data availability statement: Where applicable;
• Ethics statement: Where applicable;
• Acknowledgements: Where applicable.

Authors may use the following structure for the cover letter:

• The manuscript is submitted in Microsoft Word format.
• The main text uses a standard, readable font such as Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri.
• The main text uses 12-point font size.
• The manuscript uses double spacing or 1.5 line spacing.
• Pages are numbered consecutively.
• Tables and figures are numbered and cited in the main text.
• The manuscript follows APA 7th edition citation and reference style.
• All author-identifying information has been removed from the anonymized manuscript file.

Authors may adapt the following statements where applicable:

Funding: This research received no external funding. / This research was funded by [Funding Agency], grant number [Grant Number].

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Data Availability: The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. / The data are available at [repository/link]. / The data are not publicly available due to [reason].

Ethics Statement: The study was conducted in accordance with relevant ethical standards and approved by [Name of Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board], approval number [Number], date [Date].

Informed Consent: Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study.