Copyright and Licensing | Health Nexus: Digital Health and Medical AI

Health Nexus: Digital Health and Medical AI is committed to maintaining clear, transparent, and consistent arrangements concerning copyright ownership, publication rights, open licensing, reuse, attribution, third-party materials, and the preservation of the scholarly record.

Under the journal’s standard publishing model, authors retain copyright in their articles and grant the journal and Panorama Scholarly Group the non-exclusive rights necessary to publish, distribute, preserve, identify, and communicate the final Version of Record.

Unless otherwise stated on the individual article, published content is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International — CC BY 4.0

1. Copyright Ownership

Authors normally retain copyright in articles published by Health Nexus: Digital Health and Medical AI.

The standard copyright holder will ordinarily be:

The author or authors;
An employer or institution where copyright belongs to that organisation under applicable law or employment terms;
A governmental or public authority where the work is created in the course of official duties;
Another lawful rights holder identified and authorised before publication.

Where an author does not personally own copyright in the submitted work, the author must identify the lawful copyright holder and confirm that the necessary authority to publish and apply the stated open licence has been obtained.

The journal may require written confirmation, institutional authorisation, or other evidence of ownership or licensing authority before publication.

2. Copyright Notice

Unless a different rights arrangement applies, the journal recommends the following notice for each published article:

© [Year] The Author(s). Published by Panorama Scholarly Group. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY 4.0).

Where copyright belongs to an institution, governmental authority, employer, or other rights holder, the notice should be adjusted accordingly.

Example:

3. Licence Granted to the Journal and Publisher

By accepting publication under the journal’s standard agreement, the copyright holder grants Health Nexus: Digital Health and Medical AI and Panorama Scholarly Group a worldwide, non-exclusive licence to:

Publish the accepted article as the definitive Version of Record;
Identify the journal and publisher as the original publisher of the Version of Record;
Reproduce and distribute the article in electronic, print, accessible, archival, machine-readable, and other appropriate formats;
Host and communicate the article through the journal website and authorised publishing platforms;
Assign and register a Digital Object Identifier or another persistent identifier;
Prepare bibliographic records, abstracts, metadata, references, indexing files, preservation files, and accessibility formats;
Deposit the article and its metadata with indexing services, libraries, repositories, registries, discovery systems, and digital-preservation services;
Make reasonable copyediting, typesetting, formatting, metadata, accessibility, and technical corrections;
Issue corrections, expressions of concern, retraction notices, removal notices, or other post-publication records where required;
Use the title, abstract, keywords, author names, affiliations, ORCID identifiers, and bibliographic information for publication, promotion, indexing, preservation, and scholarly discovery.

This licence is non-exclusive. Authors may continue to exercise their copyright and may authorise other lawful uses, subject to the rights already granted under CC BY 4.0 and any applicable third-party restrictions.

4. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence

Unless an article states otherwise, the Version of Record is licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Under this licence, users may:

Read and download the article;
Copy and redistribute it in any medium or format;
Print, archive, preserve, and transmit it;
Translate it into another language;
Adapt, remix, transform, annotate, or build upon it;
Include it in educational, research, clinical, policy, and professional materials;
Use it for commercial or non-commercial purposes;
Use it for text and data mining, machine processing, indexing, computational analysis, and other lawful purposes.

These uses are permitted without separate permission, provided that the user complies with the conditions of CC BY 4.0 and respects any material specifically excluded from the licence.

5. Attribution Requirements

A person or organisation reusing published material must provide appropriate attribution.

Attribution should include, where reasonably practicable:

The name or names of the author or authors;
The title of the article;
The name of the journal;
The name of the original publisher;
The publication year;
The volume, issue, article number, or page range where applicable;
The DOI or permanent article link;
A statement that the material is licensed under CC BY 4.0;
A link to the CC BY 4.0 licence;
An indication of whether the material has been modified, translated, abridged, reformatted, or adapted.

Suggested attribution:

[Author name or names]. “[Article title].” Health Nexus: Digital Health and Medical AI [volume], no. [issue] ([year]): [article number or page range]. [DOI]. Published by Panorama Scholarly Group under CC BY 4.0.

Attribution may be presented in another reasonable form appropriate to the medium, provided that it remains accurate, visible, and sufficient to identify the original work.

6. No Endorsement

Reuse of an article must not imply that the authors, editors, journal, editorial board, or Panorama Scholarly Group endorse:

The person or organisation reusing the material;
A translation or adaptation;
A product, service, medical device, software system, or commercial enterprise;
A clinical recommendation, policy position, or professional practice;
Conclusions not contained in the original Version of Record.

The journal and publisher names must not be used in a manner that creates a false impression of sponsorship, certification, affiliation, approval, or official status.

7. Duration and Continuing Effect of the Open Licence

Once an article has been lawfully published under CC BY 4.0, users who comply with the licence conditions may continue to exercise the rights granted by that licence.

A subsequent correction, retraction, change of ownership, author disagreement, or revision of journal policy does not ordinarily cancel rights already granted to lawful users under the licence.

Where an article is corrected or retracted, users should preserve and disclose the article’s current publication status when redistributing or relying upon it.

8. No Additional Restrictions

Users must not impose legal terms, contractual restrictions, or technological protection measures that prevent downstream recipients from exercising rights granted under CC BY 4.0.

In particular, a user must not:

Remove or conceal the applicable copyright and licence information;
Apply digital-rights controls that prohibit uses authorised by CC BY 4.0;
Represent a modified version as the unmodified Version of Record;
Falsely claim exclusive ownership of openly licensed material;
Require downstream users to accept terms inconsistent with the applicable Creative Commons licence.

9. Third-Party Material

The CC BY 4.0 licence applies only to material that the relevant copyright holder has authority to license.

An article may contain third-party material, including:

Previously published figures or tables;
Clinical images and medical scans;
Photographs, illustrations, diagrams, and maps;
Questionnaires, psychometric scales, assessment instruments, and clinical tools;
Commercial software interfaces or screenshots;
Proprietary datasets or database extracts;
Logos, trademarks, and product images;
Material reproduced under statutory exception, licence, or specific permission.

Where third-party material is not included under the article’s CC BY 4.0 licence, this must be stated in the relevant caption, credit line, note, rights statement, or supplementary file.

Suggested exclusion notice:

Users are responsible for determining whether their proposed use of excluded material is lawful and for obtaining any necessary permission.

10. Author Responsibility for Permissions

Authors are responsible for identifying material that they do not own and for obtaining all necessary permissions before publication.

Permission may be required for:

Figures or tables reproduced from another publication;
Substantial textual quotations;
Questionnaires, scales, tests, or instruments;
Photographs or illustrations created by another person;
Maps, graphical interfaces, or proprietary visual material;
Software code, model outputs, or database content subject to licence restrictions;
Previously published translations or adapted content.

Authors must provide the editorial office with copies of relevant permissions, licences, consent statements, or rights-holder correspondence when requested.

Payment of an Article Processing Charge does not include the cost of obtaining third-party permissions.

11. Patient Information, Privacy, and Personality Rights

Open licensing does not override privacy, confidentiality, informed-consent, publicity, personality, or data-protection rights.

Identifiable patient or participant information may be published only when:

Publication is scientifically or clinically justified;
Appropriate written consent for publication has been obtained;
Applicable ethics, privacy, and data-protection requirements have been satisfied;
Unnecessary identifying information has been removed.

CC BY 4.0 does not itself authorise users to disregard patient consent conditions or applicable privacy law.

Where reuse of an image, case description, recording, or dataset could create a material risk of identification, the user may require additional permission even where the article is openly licensed.

12. Research Data and Supplementary Materials

Research data, source code, model weights, prompts, software, questionnaires, multimedia files, and supplementary materials may have licensing terms that differ from the licence applied to the main article.

Authors should identify the applicable licence or access conditions for each distinct research output.

Examples may include:

CC BY 4.0 for narrative content and documentation;
CC0 1.0 for data intended for unrestricted public reuse;
An appropriate open-source software licence for source code;
Repository-specific terms for deposited datasets;
Controlled-access conditions for sensitive health data;
Proprietary or institutional restrictions where open licensing is not legally or ethically possible.

The licence attached to the article must not be interpreted automatically as applying to an external repository, linked dataset, proprietary software package, or third-party database.

13. Software and Source Code

Where an article includes or links to software or source code, authors must disclose the applicable software licence.

The journal encourages use of recognised open-source licences where sharing is legally and ethically appropriate.

Authors should report:

The software or repository name;
The version or release identifier;
The applicable licence;
The persistent identifier or archived release;
Any dependencies, restrictions, or commercial components;
Whether model weights, training code, or implementation files are included.

CC BY 4.0 may not be the most suitable licence for functional software code. Authors should select an appropriate software licence and identify it separately.

14. Artificial-Intelligence Models and Outputs

Articles concerning artificial-intelligence systems may contain materials subject to several different rights or restrictions, including:

Copyright in the article and documentation;
Database rights in training or evaluation data;
Software licences applying to code;
Contractual terms applying to commercial models or application programming interfaces;
Privacy and confidentiality restrictions affecting health data;
Patent or trade-secret interests;
Third-party rights in model outputs or incorporated content.

Authors must not represent a model, dataset, software package, or output as openly licensed unless they have authority to do so.

Where an AI tool is proprietary, authors should distinguish clearly between:

The openly licensed journal article;
The authors’ own code or documentation;
The third-party model or platform;
Any restricted input data or generated material.

15. Text and Data Mining and Computational Reuse

Content licensed under CC BY 4.0 may be used for lawful text and data mining, information extraction, natural-language processing, indexing, bibliometric analysis, machine learning, and other computational activities.

Such use remains subject to:

The attribution requirements of CC BY 4.0 where applicable;
Applicable copyright exceptions and limitations;
Privacy, confidentiality, and data-protection law;
Restrictions applying to third-party or excluded material;
Responsible automated-access practices;
Any separate terms applying to datasets, code, or external repositories.

Automated access must not intentionally impair the security, integrity, availability, or normal operation of the journal platform.

16. Translations

Translations of CC BY 4.0 articles are permitted, provided that the original work is attributed and the translation is identified clearly as a translation.

A translation should include:

The full citation of the original article;
The DOI or permanent link to the Version of Record;
The name of the translator or translating organisation;
A statement identifying the language of translation;
A statement indicating that the translation was not necessarily prepared or approved by the original authors or publisher;
An explanation of any abridgement, modification, annotation, or adaptation.

Suggested translation notice:

This is an unofficial translation of an article originally published in Health Nexus: Digital Health and Medical AI. The original Version of Record is available at [DOI]. The translation was not prepared or verified by the original authors, editors, or Panorama Scholarly Group. The translator is responsible for the accuracy of the translated text.

An unofficial translation must not be presented as the journal’s authoritative Version of Record.

17. Adaptations and Derivative Works

Users may adapt openly licensed content, including by abridging, annotating, restructuring, combining, or transforming it.

An adaptation must:

Identify the original article and authors;
Provide the original DOI or permanent link;
State that the material has been adapted;
Describe material changes where reasonably practicable;
Avoid implying endorsement by the original authors, journal, or publisher;
Distinguish the adaptation from the Version of Record.

Modified results, figures, clinical recommendations, or conclusions must not be attributed to the original authors as though they appeared in the original article.

18. Preprints and Prior Versions

Authors may ordinarily post a submitted manuscript as a preprint before or during consideration by the journal, provided that:

The preprint is disclosed during submission;
The posting does not breach confidentiality, patient privacy, contractual obligations, or applicable rights;
The preprint is not represented as peer reviewed or formally published by the journal;
The authors update the preprint record with the final citation and DOI after journal publication where possible.

The licence applied to a preprint is determined by the author and preprint platform and may differ from the licence later applied to the journal Version of Record.

19. Author Self-Archiving

Authors may archive and share the following versions without an embargo, subject to accurate version identification and third-party rights:

The submitted manuscript;
The accepted manuscript;
The final published Version of Record.

Permitted locations include:

Personal or professional websites;
Institutional repositories;
Subject repositories;
Funder-designated repositories;
Teaching platforms and course websites;
Non-commercial scholarly networks.

Where the Version of Record is deposited, the journal citation, DOI, publisher attribution, copyright notice, and licence statement should be retained.

Earlier versions should be labelled accurately and linked to the Version of Record after publication.

20. Institutional, Governmental, and Employee Works

Some authors may be subject to employment, governmental, Crown, institutional, military, intergovernmental, or statutory copyright arrangements.

Authors must disclose any arrangement that affects:

Copyright ownership;
The authority to apply CC BY 4.0;
The publication rights granted to the journal;
Required governmental or institutional notices;
Restrictions on commercial reuse;
Security, confidentiality, or export-control obligations.

Where a different notice is required, it must be approved by the editorial office before publication and displayed clearly on the article.

The journal will not describe material as licensed under CC BY 4.0 unless the lawful rights holder has authority to grant that licence.

21. Moral Rights

Moral rights, including rights of attribution and integrity, may continue to apply under relevant law.

The open licence does not authorise:

False attribution;
Removal of required author identification;
Misrepresentation of an author’s views;
Deceptive alteration of scientific or clinical findings;
Use that falsely damages the scholarly provenance of the work.

Authors agree, to the extent permitted by law and necessary for journal publication, not to object to routine copyediting, typesetting, formatting, accessibility conversion, metadata preparation, or technical production changes that do not distort the meaning of the work.

22. Patent and Trademark Rights

CC BY 4.0 does not grant patent or trademark rights.

Publication of an article does not:

Grant permission to practise a patented invention;
Transfer ownership of a patent or patent application;
Authorise use of a protected trademark or logo;
Grant rights to use the journal title or publisher identity;
Waive confidential know-how or trade-secret protection.

Authors are responsible for considering whether public disclosure through publication may affect patentability or other intellectual-property interests.

23. Journal and Publisher Names, Logos, and Design

The CC BY 4.0 licence attached to individual articles does not automatically apply to:

The title Health Nexus: Digital Health and Medical AI;
The journal abbreviation or identifying marks;
The journal logo and cover design;
The name or logo of Panorama Scholarly Group;
Publisher trademarks and service marks;
The journal website design, interface, navigation, or proprietary software;
Confidential editorial records and reviewer reports.

No person may use the journal or publisher identity in a manner that falsely suggests an official journal, authorised edition, partnership, endorsement, sponsorship, or institutional affiliation.

24. Version of Record

The Version of Record is the final article formally published by the journal and identified by its official bibliographic information and persistent identifier.

Only the journal’s published Version of Record should be described as:

Published by Health Nexus: Digital Health and Medical AI;
Published by Panorama Scholarly Group;
The final peer-reviewed journal version;
The authoritative journal publication.

Copies, translations, adaptations, repository versions, and third-party reproductions must not be presented as new or substitute Versions of Record.

25. Corrections, Retractions, and Post-Publication Notices

The journal may publish:

Corrections;
Author corrections;
Publisher corrections;
Expressions of concern;
Retraction notices;
Withdrawal or removal notices;
Updated metadata or version information.

Where an article is corrected or retracted, the journal will normally preserve its bibliographic record and identify its current status clearly.

Persons redistributing a corrected or retracted article should preserve the applicable correction or retraction information and should not present a superseded version as current.

26. Article Removal

Openly licensed articles will not ordinarily be removed solely because an author later disagrees with publication or wishes to withdraw the licence.

Removal may be considered only in exceptional circumstances, including:

A binding legal requirement;
Unlawful disclosure of confidential or personal information;
A serious and immediate risk to patient or public safety;
Defamatory, infringing, or otherwise unlawful content;
Another situation in which continued availability would cause serious harm that cannot be addressed through correction or retraction.

Where removal is necessary, a bibliographic notice explaining that the content has been removed and stating the general reason will normally remain available, subject to legal and privacy restrictions.

27. Author Warranties

By submitting and approving an article for publication, the authors confirm that, to the best of their knowledge:

They have authority to submit the work and grant the required publication and licensing rights;
The work is original or all reused material has been identified appropriately;
The article does not knowingly infringe copyright, database rights, trademarks, patents, confidentiality obligations, privacy rights, or other rights;
All necessary permissions and consents have been obtained;
All authors and rights holders have approved publication;
The application of CC BY 4.0 does not conflict with a prior exclusive licence or contractual restriction;
Third-party material excluded from the open licence has been marked clearly;
Funding, employment, and institutional rights arrangements have been disclosed.

The journal may suspend publication, reject a manuscript, withdraw acceptance, correct an article, or take other proportionate action where these assurances are materially inaccurate.

28. Copyright Infringement and Rights Complaints

A person who believes that material published by the journal infringes copyright or another legal right should contact the editorial office with sufficient information to permit assessment.

A notice should include:

The complainant’s name and contact information;
Identification of the protected work or right;
Identification and location of the allegedly infringing journal material;
An explanation of the complainant’s ownership or authority;
The factual and legal basis of the complaint;
Relevant registrations, licences, agreements, permissions, or supporting evidence;
The action requested.

The journal may temporarily restrict access while a serious claim is assessed, but removal or other action will not be taken solely on the basis of an unsupported allegation.

Where appropriate, the journal may contact the authors, publisher, rights holder, institution, legal adviser, or relevant platform before determining the appropriate response.

29. Requests for Additional Permission

Separate permission is generally unnecessary for uses already authorised under CC BY 4.0.

A separate request may be required where:

The material is excluded from the Creative Commons licence;
The proposed use involves a journal or publisher trademark;
The proposed use exceeds rights held by the authors or publisher;
The material contains confidential, identifiable, proprietary, or controlled information;
The proposed use requires an official or authorised journal edition;
The rights status is unclear.

The journal cannot grant permission for material owned exclusively by another rights holder.

30. Relationship to the Publishing Agreement

This policy describes the journal’s standard copyright and licensing model. The formal publishing agreement or licence-to-publish accepted by the copyright holder governs the specific legal relationship for an individual article.

Where a conflict exists between:

This general website policy;
The article-specific rights notice;
A signed publishing agreement;
A mandatory legal or institutional requirement;

the applicable article-specific and legally binding arrangement will govern, provided that the article’s public rights information is displayed accurately and transparently.

31. Relationship to Article Processing Charges

Payment of an APC:

Does not transfer copyright to the publisher;
Does not purchase authorship or editorial approval;
Does not create an exclusive publishing right;
Does not alter the CC BY 4.0 reuse conditions;
Does not grant the payer control over peer review, publication decisions, or article conclusions.

Articles receiving a waiver or discount are published under the same copyright and licensing conditions as articles for which the full APC is paid.

32. Machine-Readable Rights Information

The journal will seek to display copyright and licensing information consistently in:

The article landing page;
The HTML full text;
The PDF Version of Record;
Article metadata;
DOI registration records;
Repository and preservation deposits where technically practicable.

Material excluded from the article-level licence should be identified in captions, credit lines, rights statements, or structured metadata where possible.

33. Recommended Article-Level Statement

Publisher: Panorama Scholarly Group.

Licence: This article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, provided that appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source, a link to the licence is provided, and any changes are indicated.

Third-party material: Images or other third-party material are included under the article’s Creative Commons licence unless indicated otherwise in a credit line. Where material is excluded from the licence and the intended use is not permitted by law, permission must be obtained from the relevant rights holder.

34. Official Licence

The official summary and legal code for the journal’s standard open licence are available from Creative Commons:

The Creative Commons summary is provided for convenience. The official legal code governs the interpretation of the licence.

35. Policy Review

This policy may be revised to reflect changes in copyright law, open-access standards, Creative Commons guidance, publishing technology, data governance, artificial intelligence, indexing requirements, and recognised scholarly-publishing practices.

Changes will apply prospectively and will not ordinarily remove reuse rights already granted under an applicable Creative Commons licence.