Journal of Dance and Embodied Structure requires authors to prepare citations, notes, bibliographies, and reference lists according to the Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition.

Authors may use either the Notes and Bibliography system or the Author-Date system, provided that the chosen style is applied consistently throughout the manuscript. Authors should not mix the two systems in the same manuscript.

1. General Principles

All sources cited in the manuscript must be included in the bibliography or reference list. All entries in the bibliography or reference list should correspond to sources actually cited in the manuscript.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that all citations and references are accurate, complete, and consistently formatted. This includes author names, publication years, article titles, book titles, journal titles, volume and issue numbers, page ranges, publisher information, URLs, and DOI links where available.

References should enable readers to identify, verify, and locate the cited sources. Incomplete, inaccurate, or inconsistent references may delay editorial processing or production.

2. Accepted Citation Systems

The journal accepts the following Chicago citation systems:

• Notes and Bibliography System: uses footnotes or endnotes together with a bibliography. This system is commonly used in the humanities, including dance studies, performance studies, history, philosophy, and cultural studies.
• Author-Date System: uses parenthetical in-text citations together with a reference list. This system may be appropriate for interdisciplinary, social scientific, educational, or empirical research.

Authors should choose the system most appropriate to the manuscript’s discipline, method, and argument. The selected system must be used consistently from beginning to end.

3. Notes and Bibliography System

In the Notes and Bibliography system, citations appear in numbered footnotes or endnotes. A bibliography is placed at the end of the manuscript.

Example: Book citation in a note

1. Susan Leigh Foster, Choreographing Empathy: Kinesthesia in Performance (London: Routledge, 2011), 45.

Example: Book entry in bibliography

Foster, Susan Leigh. Choreographing Empathy: Kinesthesia in Performance. London: Routledge, 2011.

Example: Journal article citation in a note

2. Mark Franko, “Writing for the Body: Notation, Reconstruction, and Reinvention in Dance,” Common Knowledge 17, no. 2 (2011): 321.

Example: Journal article entry in bibliography

Franko, Mark. “Writing for the Body: Notation, Reconstruction, and Reinvention in Dance.” Common Knowledge 17, no. 2 (2011): 321–334.

4. Author-Date System

In the Author-Date system, citations appear in the main text in parentheses. A reference list is placed at the end of the manuscript.

Example: In-text citation

(Foster 2011, 45)

Example: Reference list entry

Foster, Susan Leigh. 2011. Choreographing Empathy: Kinesthesia in Performance. London: Routledge.

Example: Journal article in-text citation

(Franko 2011, 321)

Example: Reference list entry

Franko, Mark. 2011. “Writing for the Body: Notation, Reconstruction, and Reinvention in Dance.” Common Knowledge 17, no. 2: 321–334.

5. Books

Notes and Bibliography example:

Author First Name Last Name, Book Title: Subtitle (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), page number.

Author Last Name, First Name. Book Title: Subtitle. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year.

Author-Date example:

(Author Last Name Year, page number)

Author Last Name, First Name. Year. Book Title: Subtitle. Place of Publication: Publisher.

6. Edited Books

Notes and Bibliography example:

Editor First Name Last Name, ed., Book Title: Subtitle (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), page number.

Editor Last Name, First Name, ed. Book Title: Subtitle. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year.

Author-Date example:

(Editor Last Name Year, page number)

Editor Last Name, First Name, ed. Year. Book Title: Subtitle. Place of Publication: Publisher.

7. Chapters in Edited Books

Notes and Bibliography example:

Author First Name Last Name, “Chapter Title,” in Book Title, ed. Editor First Name Last Name (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), page number.

Author Last Name, First Name. “Chapter Title.” In Book Title, edited by Editor First Name Last Name, page range. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year.

Author-Date example:

(Author Last Name Year, page number)

Author Last Name, First Name. Year. “Chapter Title.” In Book Title, edited by Editor First Name Last Name, page range. Place of Publication: Publisher.

8. Journal Articles

Notes and Bibliography example:

Author First Name Last Name, “Article Title,” Journal Title volume, no. issue (Year): page number, DOI or URL.

Author Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Journal Title volume, no. issue (Year): page range. DOI or URL.

Author-Date example:

(Author Last Name Year, page number)

Author Last Name, First Name. Year. “Article Title.” Journal Title volume, no. issue: page range. DOI or URL.

9. Online Sources

Online sources should include sufficient information for readers to locate the cited material. Authors should provide the author or organization, title of the page or document, website name, publication or modification date where available, access date where appropriate, and URL.

Notes and Bibliography example:

Author or Organization, “Title of Page,” Website Name, publication or modification date, URL.

Author or Organization. “Title of Page.” Website Name. Publication or modification date. URL.

Author-Date example:

(Author or Organization Year)

Author or Organization. Year. “Title of Page.” Website Name. Publication or modification date. URL.

10. Performances and Choreographic Works

When citing dance performances, choreographic works, or performance events, authors should provide as much identifying information as possible, including title, choreographer, company or performers, venue, city, date of performance, and relevant production details.

Example:

Choreographer Name, Title of Work, performed by Company or Performer Name, Venue, City, Date of performance.

Where the analysis is based on a recording, archive, or documentation rather than a live performance, authors should clearly indicate the source of access.

Example:

Choreographer Name, Title of Work, video recording, Year of original performance, Archive or Platform Name, URL or archive reference.

11. Interviews

Interviews should identify the interviewee, interviewer, date, location or medium, and whether the interview is published or unpublished.

Example: Unpublished interview

Interviewee Name, interview by Author Name, City or online, Month Day, Year.

Example: Published interview

Interviewee Name, “Title of Interview,” interview by Interviewer Name, Publication Title, Month Day, Year, URL.

Authors must ensure that interviews are used in accordance with informed consent and ethical requirements.

12. Archival Materials

Archival materials should be cited with enough information to allow identification and retrieval. Authors should include the author or creator where known, title or description of the item, date, collection name, box or folder number where available, archive name, and location.

Example:

Creator Name, “Title or Description of Item,” Date, Collection Name, Box Number, Folder Number, Archive Name, City.

Authors should follow the citation rules of the archive where specific citation requirements are provided.

13. Images, Photographs, Diagrams, and Performance Documentation

Images, photographs, diagrams, notation examples, screenshots, movement maps, and other visual materials must be properly credited in captions and, where appropriate, included in the reference list or bibliography.

Example caption:

Figure 1. Rehearsal image from Title of Work, choreographed by Choreographer Name, Year. Photograph by Photographer Name. Used with permission.

Authors are responsible for obtaining permission to reproduce copyrighted or restricted materials.

14. Video, Audio, and Digital Materials

When citing video, audio, online performances, screendance works, motion capture records, digital archives, or multimedia materials, authors should include the creator, title, format, date, platform or archive, and URL or access information where available.

Example:

Creator Name, Title of Work, video, Year, Platform or Archive Name, URL.

If the cited material is time-based, authors may include timestamps where relevant.

Example:

Creator Name, Title of Work, video, Year, timestamp 00:03:15–00:04:20, Platform or Archive Name, URL.

15. Translated Sources

For translated books or articles, authors should include the translator’s name where available.

Example:

Author Name. Title of Book. Translated by Translator Name. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year.

Where authors cite a non-English source, the original title may be followed by an English translation in brackets where helpful.

16. Non-English Sources

The journal welcomes scholarship engaging with sources in languages other than English. Authors should provide accurate transliteration and translation where necessary for reader clarity.

For non-English titles, authors may provide the original title followed by an English translation in brackets.

Example:

Author Last Name, First Name. Year. Original Title [English Translation of Title]. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Authors should apply transliteration systems consistently throughout the manuscript.

17. DOI and URL Requirements

Authors should include DOI links for journal articles, books, chapters, datasets, and other scholarly sources where available.

URLs should be stable and accurate. Authors should avoid citing unstable links where a DOI, archive link, or permanent URL is available.

DOI links should be presented consistently in the reference list or bibliography.

18. Repeated Citations

In the Notes and Bibliography system, authors may use shortened notes after the first full citation. The shortened note should include the author’s last name, a shortened title, and page number where applicable.

Example:

1. Susan Leigh Foster, Choreographing Empathy: Kinesthesia in Performance (London: Routledge, 2011), 45.

2. Foster, Choreographing Empathy, 78.

Authors should avoid excessive use of outdated Latin abbreviations where clarity would be improved by shortened notes.

19. Page Numbers

Page numbers should be provided for direct quotations, specific arguments, detailed claims, or close textual analysis.

For sources without page numbers, authors may use section headings, paragraph numbers, chapter numbers, timestamps, or other stable locators where appropriate.

20. Direct Quotations

Direct quotations must reproduce the original wording accurately and must be accompanied by precise citation information.

Short quotations should be incorporated into the main text with quotation marks. Longer quotations may be set as block quotations according to Chicago style and should not be enclosed in quotation marks.

Authors should avoid excessive quotation and should ensure that quoted material is necessary for the argument.

21. Paraphrasing and Source Acknowledgment

Paraphrased ideas, arguments, theories, data, interpretations, and concepts must be properly cited even when the original wording is not used.

Failure to cite paraphrased material may constitute plagiarism. Authors are responsible for distinguishing clearly between their own analysis and the ideas or findings of others.

22. Reference Accuracy

Before submission, authors should carefully check all references for accuracy and consistency. Particular attention should be paid to:

• Author names and initials;
• Publication years;
• Article and chapter titles;
• Book and journal titles;
• Volume and issue numbers;
• Page ranges;
• Publisher names and places of publication where required;
• DOI links and URLs;
• Spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and italics.

23. Citation Management Software

Authors may use citation management software such as Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley, or other tools to prepare citations and references. However, authors remain responsible for checking the final accuracy and formatting of all references.

Automatically generated references often contain errors and should be reviewed carefully before submission.

24. Consistency Requirement

Consistency is essential. Manuscripts may be returned for correction if citations and references are incomplete, inconsistent, or not aligned with the journal’s required style.

Authors should apply one citation system throughout the manuscript and should ensure that the final bibliography or reference list matches the citations in the text or notes.

25. Editorial Note

The Editorial Office may request authors to correct citation and reference formatting during editorial screening, revision, copyediting, or production. Failure to provide complete and accurate references may delay peer review, acceptance, or publication.