Citation Style

 

PoliEcoM Administration Review requires authors to follow the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition, Author-Date format. Accurate citation is essential for academic integrity, transparency, source verification, and the reliability of the scholarly record.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that all in-text citations and reference list entries are complete, accurate, consistently formatted, and properly matched. Manuscripts with incomplete, inconsistent, or inaccurate references may be returned for correction before peer review, during revision, or before publication.

1. General Citation Requirement

Citation System Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition, Author-Date format.
In-Text Citation Author surname, publication year, and page number where applicable.
Reference List Full bibliographic information for every source cited in the manuscript.
Language References and manuscript text should be prepared in clear American English.

2. In-Text Citations

In-text citations should appear in parentheses and normally include the author’s surname and year of publication. Page numbers should be included for direct quotations, close paraphrases, specific arguments, data points, or references to a particular section of a source.

General citation: (Ostrom 1990)

Citation with page number: (Ostrom 1990, 45)

Two authors: (Acemoglu and Robinson 2012)

Three or more authors: (North et al. 2009)

3. Reference List

The reference list should appear at the end of the manuscript under the heading References. Each source cited in the text must appear in the reference list, and each item in the reference list must be cited in the manuscript.

  • Arrange references alphabetically by the surname of the first author.
  • Use the publication year immediately after the author name.
  • Use consistent capitalization, punctuation, italics, and page ranges.
  • Include DOI or stable URL where available.
  • Verify all author names, titles, journal names, volume numbers, issue numbers, page ranges, and publication years.

4. Common Reference Examples

Book Ostrom, Elinor. 1990. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Journal Article North, Douglass C. 1991. “Institutions.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 5 (1): 97–112.
Book Chapter Author Surname, First Name. Year. “Chapter Title.” In Book Title, edited by Editor First Name Surname, page range. Place: Publisher.
Edited Book Editor Surname, First Name, ed. Year. Book Title. Place: Publisher.
Report Organization Name. Year. Report Title. Place: Publisher or Organization. URL or DOI where available.
Dataset Author or Organization. Year. Dataset Title. Repository Name. Version where applicable. DOI or persistent URL.

5. Web Sources and Online Materials

Online sources should be cited only when they are reliable, necessary, and appropriate for the manuscript’s scholarly purpose. Authors should avoid overreliance on unstable webpages, non-authoritative sources, or unverifiable online content.

Website format: Author or Organization. Year. “Page Title.” Website Name. Month Day, Year where available. URL.

Access date: Include an access date when the source is likely to change over time or lacks a clear publication date.

6. Multiple Sources in One Citation

When citing multiple works in one parenthetical citation, list them in a logical order, usually alphabetically or chronologically, and separate sources with semicolons.

Example: (Acemoglu and Robinson 2012; North 1990; Ostrom 1990)

7. Direct Quotations

Direct quotations must reproduce the original wording accurately and must include page numbers where available. Short quotations should be placed in quotation marks. Longer quotations should be formatted as block quotations according to academic formatting standards.

  • Use quotation marks for exact wording from another source.
  • Provide page numbers for direct quotations whenever possible.
  • Do not alter quoted text without indicating changes appropriately.
  • Avoid excessive quotation; authors should synthesize and analyze sources in their own words.

8. Paraphrasing and Source Attribution

Paraphrased material must still be cited. Changing a few words from a source is not sufficient. Authors should genuinely restate the idea in their own language and provide appropriate citation to the original source.

Proper citation is required for ideas, theories, data, concepts, arguments, methods, tables, figures, and findings derived from another source, even when no direct quotation is used.

9. Legal, Policy, and Institutional Documents

Manuscripts in public administration, governance, law and governance, political economy, and public policy often cite legal, policy, administrative, or institutional documents. Authors should provide enough information for readers to identify and locate the source.

  • Identify the issuing institution, government body, agency, or organization.
  • Provide the title, year, document number, report number, or legal reference where applicable.
  • Include the official publication source, repository, DOI, or stable URL where available.
  • Use consistent formatting for similar types of documents throughout the manuscript.

10. Non-English Sources

Authors may cite non-English sources when they are necessary and relevant. Where appropriate, authors should provide an English translation of the title in brackets after the original title. Non-English sources should be cited consistently and should include sufficient information for verification.

Example format: Author Surname, First Name. Year. Original Title [English translation of title]. Place: Publisher.

11. DOI and URL Requirements

Authors should include a DOI for journal articles, books, datasets, and reports where available. If a DOI is not available, a stable URL may be included when it helps readers locate the source. Authors should verify that all URLs are accurate and functional before submission.

  • Use DOI information where available.
  • Prefer stable institutional, publisher, repository, or archival URLs.
  • Avoid citing temporary, personal, or unstable webpages when better sources exist.
  • Check all links before submission and again during revision.

12. Citation Integrity

Citations should be used to support scholarly claims, acknowledge prior work, and help readers verify sources. Citation manipulation, irrelevant citation padding, excessive self-citation, inaccurate citation, or misrepresentation of cited sources is not acceptable.

  • Do not cite sources that have not been read or verified.
  • Do not misrepresent the findings or arguments of cited works.
  • Do not add irrelevant citations to increase citation counts.
  • Do not omit major relevant literature without justification.
  • Ensure that citations support the claims made in the manuscript.

13. Pre-Submission Citation Checklist

□ All in-text citations follow Chicago Author-Date format.
□ Every in-text citation appears in the reference list.
□ Every reference list entry is cited in the manuscript.
□ Direct quotations include page numbers where available.
□ References are alphabetized, complete, and consistently formatted.
□ DOI or stable URL information is included where available.

14. Editorial Review of Citations

The Editorial Office may request citation corrections at any stage of review or production. Citation compliance does not guarantee acceptance, but failure to meet citation requirements may delay editorial processing, peer review, revision, or publication.

Authors remain responsible for citation accuracy after copyediting and proof review. Final proofs should be checked carefully to ensure that citations, reference entries, DOI information, and URLs remain accurate.

15. Contact

Editorial Office: PoliEcoM Administration Review Editorial Office

Email: [email protected]

Official Website: https://journals.panorama-sg.com/index.php/pemr

© 2025 Panorama Scholarly Group. All rights reserved.