This policy explains how JLPCS identifies, discloses, manages, and records conflicts of interest in manuscript submission, peer review, editorial handling, special issue management, publication, and post-publication processes.

A conflict of interest does not automatically indicate misconduct or lead to rejection. However, undisclosed conflicts may compromise trust in research, peer review, editorial decisions, and the published scholarly record.

本政策说明 JLPCS 如何在投稿、同行评议、编辑处理、专题期管理、出版和出版后流程中识别、披露、管理和记录利益冲突。存在利益冲突本身不必然构成学术不端或导致拒稿，但未披露利益冲突可能损害研究、评审、编辑决定和出版记录的可信度。

A conflict of interest exists when personal, financial, professional, institutional, legal, political, ideological, academic, or other interests may influence, or may reasonably be perceived to influence, a person’s judgment, objectivity, conduct, or decision in relation to a manuscript or published article.

Conflicts may be actual, potential, or perceived. JLPCS expects disclosure even when the person involved believes that the interest has not affected their judgment.

利益冲突是指个人、财务、职业、机构、法律、政治、意识形态、学术或其他利益可能影响，或可被合理认为可能影响，与稿件或已发表文章有关的判断、客观性、行为或决定。利益冲突可为实际、潜在或表面利益冲突。

Authors must disclose all actual, potential, or perceived conflicts of interest that may be relevant to the submitted work. Disclosure should be made at submission and updated during revision, acceptance, production, or after publication if new information becomes available.

Authors should disclose, where applicable:

• Funding sources, grants, sponsorship, institutional support, or commissioned research;
• Employment, consultancy, advisory roles, paid expert testimony, honoraria, or speaker fees;
• Financial interests in organizations, platforms, companies, legal matters, policy initiatives, or technologies discussed in the manuscript;
• Personal, professional, institutional, legal, political, or advocacy relationships related to the topic;
• Any role of funders, sponsors, or organizations in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, writing, or publication decision;
• Any prior public position, legal involvement, policy role, consultancy, or institutional responsibility that may reasonably be perceived to affect interpretation.

作者应在投稿时披露与研究主题、数据来源、机构背景、资助来源、法律事务、政策倡导、商业利益或其他相关事项有关的利益冲突。如投稿后出现新的利益冲突信息，作者应及时通知编辑部。

Reviewers must disclose any actual, potential, or perceived conflict of interest that may affect impartial review. Reviewers should decline the review invitation or seek guidance from the editorial office when impartiality may be compromised.

Reviewers should decline or disclose when they have:

• Recent or ongoing collaboration with the author or research team;
• Supervisory, student, mentoring, employment, family, or close personal relationship with the author;
• Shared institutional affiliation where impartiality may reasonably be questioned;
• Financial, legal, policy, advocacy, commercial, or political interest in the manuscript topic;
• Direct academic competition, priority dispute, strong personal bias, or previous conflict with the authors;
• Prior involvement in the manuscript, data, project, legal case, policy document, or research design;
• Any reason they cannot provide a fair, confidential, timely, and independent review.

审稿人如存在可能影响公正评审的利益冲突，应主动披露并回避评审。审稿人不得利用未发表稿件内容谋取个人、职业、财务、法律、政治或竞争利益。

Editors and editorial staff must manage conflicts of interest fairly, confidentially, and transparently. Editors should recuse themselves from handling manuscripts when an actual, potential, or perceived conflict may compromise editorial independence.

• Editors should not handle manuscripts authored by themselves, close collaborators, students, supervisors, colleagues, family members, or individuals with whom they have a conflict;
• Editors should not select reviewers with known conflicts of interest;
• Editors should protect the confidentiality of author disclosures and reviewer conflict information;
• Editors should document significant conflict management decisions where appropriate;
• Editors should ensure that editorial decisions are based on scholarly merit, peer review, journal scope, ethics, and research integrity rather than personal or institutional interests;
• Editorial decisions must not be influenced by APC payment status, waiver requests, sponsorship, advertising, partnership, or institutional relationships.

编辑和编辑部工作人员应公平、透明地管理利益冲突，并在必要时回避稿件处理。编辑决定应基于稿件学术质量、同行评议结果、期刊范围、伦理合规和研究诚信，而非个人、机构或财务利益。

Guest editors must disclose any conflicts of interest related to special issue topics, invited authors, submitted manuscripts, reviewers, sponsors, institutions, or funders. Guest editors must not handle manuscripts where they have an actual, potential, or perceived conflict of interest.

• Guest editors must not handle their own manuscripts submitted to a special issue;
• Guest editors must not handle manuscripts by recent collaborators, students, supervisors, close colleagues, or affiliated project members where impartiality may be questioned;
• Guest editors must not use special issue roles to favor invited authors, institutions, sponsors, or professional networks;
• Manuscripts involving guest editor conflicts should be handled by the JLPCS Editorial Office or an independent editor without conflict;
• The final editorial decision remains with the responsible JLPCS editor or editorial office.

客座编辑不得处理本人投稿或存在利益冲突的专题稿件。专题期邀请、资助、合作关系或客座编辑身份不得影响审稿严格性、审稿人独立性或最终编辑决定。

Authors must disclose all funding, grants, sponsorship, commissioned research, institutional support, or third-party support related to the work. Authors should also state whether the funder or sponsor had any role in the research or publication process.

A funding disclosure should normally state:

• Name of the funder, sponsor, institution, grant, or project;
• Grant number or project number, if applicable;
• Whether the funder had any role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, writing, or publication decision;
• Whether the authors retained full control over data, analysis, conclusions, and manuscript submission;
• Any relevant financial or non-financial support.

资助或赞助并不必然构成不当影响，但必须透明披露。作者应说明资助方是否参与研究设计、数据收集、分析解释、写作或发表决定。

Non-financial conflicts may be as important as financial conflicts. Authors, reviewers, editors, and guest editors should disclose non-financial interests that may influence interpretation, review, or editorial judgment.

Non-financial conflicts may include:

• Strong ideological, political, legal, policy, or advocacy positions related to the topic;
• Public statements, expert roles, institutional responsibilities, or organizational affiliations related to the manuscript;
• Personal, professional, academic, or institutional relationships;
• Membership in organizations, committees, legal teams, advocacy groups, policy networks, or professional associations with relevant interests;
• Prior involvement in the events, cases, policies, platforms, institutions, or disputes discussed in the manuscript.

非财务利益冲突同样需要重视。涉及法律、政策、公共传播、心理干预、平台治理或社会争议议题的研究，尤其应披露可能影响解释或判断的非财务利益。

Authors should include a conflict of interest statement in the manuscript or declaration file. If there is no conflict of interest, authors should state this explicitly.

中文稿件可使用中文利益冲突声明。无利益冲突时，也应明确写明“作者声明不存在利益冲突”。

JLPCS does not charge a submission fee or peer review fee. The Article Processing Charge applies only after a manuscript has been formally accepted for publication.

• APC payment status must not influence editorial screening, reviewer selection, peer review, revision decisions, or acceptance;
• Waiver requests must be considered separately from editorial decision-making;
• Editors and reviewers should not know or consider APC payment capacity when evaluating manuscripts;
• Publisher revenue, sponsorship, advertising, institutional relationships, or partnerships must not compromise editorial independence.

投稿费、审稿费、APC、费用减免、赞助、广告或合作关系均不得影响编辑初审、同行评议、修改决定或录用决定。

If an undisclosed or inaccurately disclosed conflict of interest is identified after publication, JLPCS may evaluate the issue and determine whether a correction, editorial note, expression of concern, retraction, or other action is required.

Post-publication assessment may consider:

• The nature and seriousness of the undisclosed conflict;
• Whether the conflict may have affected research design, data, interpretation, peer review, or editorial decision;
• Whether authors, reviewers, editors, or third parties failed to disclose relevant information;
• Whether the article’s conclusions remain reliable;
• Whether the published record requires correction or clarification.

出版后发现未披露或披露不准确的利益冲突时，编辑部可根据问题性质和对学术记录的影响，决定是否发布更正、编辑说明、关注声明、撤稿或采取其他适当措施。

Questions about conflict of interest disclosure, reviewer recusal, editor conflicts, special issue conflicts, funding disclosure, or post-publication conflict concerns may be directed to the JLPCS Editorial Office.

有关利益冲突披露、审稿人回避、编辑利益冲突、专题期利益冲突、资助披露或出版后利益冲突问题，可联系 JLPCS 编辑部。

Email: [email protected]