This policy explains how JLPCS defines plagiarism, text overlap, duplicate submission, redundant publication, inappropriate text recycling, citation problems, and similarity screening. It also explains how similarity reports are evaluated and what editorial actions may follow.

The purpose of similarity screening is to protect academic integrity, ensure proper attribution, prevent duplicate or redundant publication, and maintain trust in the scholarly record.

本政策说明 JLPCS 如何界定抄袭、文本重合、一稿多投、重复发表、不当文本重复使用、引用问题和相似度检测，并说明编辑部如何评估检测报告以及可能采取的编辑措施。

Manuscripts submitted to JLPCS must be original scholarly works. Authors must ensure that all ideas, wording, data, legal materials, images, tables, figures, analytical frameworks, and research findings taken from other sources are properly cited and clearly distinguished from the authors’ own work.

• The manuscript must not contain plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, or misleading reuse of previous work;
• The manuscript must not be submitted to another journal, book, conference proceeding, repository-based publication venue, or edited collection at the same time;
• Previously published materials must be cited, disclosed, and used only where academically justified;
• Permissions must be obtained for copyrighted third-party materials where required;
• Authors are responsible for the originality and citation accuracy of all submitted files, including supplementary materials.

投稿稿件必须是原创学术成果。作者应确保来自他人的观点、文字、数据、法律材料、图表、分析框架和研究结论均得到恰当引用，并与作者自身贡献清楚区分。

A similarity score is an indicator of text overlap, not a final determination of plagiarism. JLPCS evaluates similarity reports in context. Editors consider the type, source, location, extent, and academic justification of the overlap.

• A low similarity score does not automatically prove that the manuscript is free of plagiarism or research misconduct;
• A high similarity score does not automatically prove plagiarism if overlap comes from properly quoted legal texts, methods descriptions, references, or standard terminology;
• Editors may examine matched text, source quality, citation practice, quotation marks, paraphrasing, legal text use, and repeated methodology language;
• Author explanations may be requested when the similarity report is unclear or indicates possible misconduct.

相似度分数只是文本重合的指标，并不自动等同于抄袭结论。编辑部会结合重合来源、位置、性质、引用方式、法律文本特点和学术合理性进行判断。

Authors must not reuse substantial parts of their own previously published work without proper citation, disclosure, and scholarly justification. Self-plagiarism and redundant publication may mislead readers about the originality of the work.

Potentially problematic practices include:

• Submitting a manuscript that substantially overlaps with the authors’ published article, book chapter, conference paper, report, thesis excerpt, or pre-existing publication without disclosure;
• Reusing large sections of literature review, theoretical framework, methodology, data description, or discussion without citation;
• Dividing one study into multiple minimally different publications without clear justification;
• Submitting the same article in another language without disclosure of the original version;
• Reusing tables, figures, datasets, instruments, or analysis from previous work without citation or permission where required.

作者不得在未披露、未引用或缺乏学术合理性的情况下重复使用自己已发表作品的大量内容。自我抄袭和重复发表会误导读者对研究原创性的判断。

Authors may quote, paraphrase, summarize, translate, or build upon existing scholarship when the source is properly acknowledged and the use is academically justified.

• Direct quotations should be placed in quotation marks or block quote format and accompanied by accurate citation;
• Paraphrased ideas must still be cited, even when the wording is original;
• Translated quotations or translated summaries should identify the original source;
• Tables, figures, instruments, scales, images, screenshots, or datasets should include citation and permission information where required;
• Prior publications by the same author should be cited when reused or extended;
• Legal, policy, and public documents should be cited accurately, even when they are publicly accessible.

正确引用、合理转述和规范引用既有研究是学术写作的正常组成部分。关键在于透明标注来源、清楚区分他人贡献与作者贡献，并避免误导性使用。

JLPCS recognizes that manuscripts in law, policy, governance, psychology, and communication studies may contain repeated wording from statutes, regulations, judgments, treaties, policy documents, institutional materials, survey instruments, or standard methodological descriptions.

• Public availability does not remove the need for citation;
• Legal and policy texts should be cited with sufficient detail for verification;
• Long extracts from statutes, judgments, regulations, or policy documents should be used only when necessary for analysis;
• Authors should distinguish legal quotation from original interpretation;
• Translated legal or policy texts should indicate whether the translation is official or by the author;
• Excessive copying of public materials without analysis may be treated as insufficient originality or inappropriate overlap.

法律、政策和公开文件可能导致较高相似度，但公开可得并不意味着无需引用。作者应准确标注来源，并将法律文本本身与作者的独立分析清楚区分。

Accurate citation is essential to originality assessment. A manuscript may raise integrity concerns even when the similarity score is low if citations are fabricated, misleading, irrelevant, or unverifiable.

Authors must not:

• Fabricate references, DOIs, page numbers, legal authorities, cases, statutes, reports, or URLs;
• Cite sources that do not support the claims made;
• Use irrelevant citations to inflate citation counts or satisfy inappropriate citation pressure;
• Omit sources that are necessary to acknowledge prior ideas, theories, data, or legal analysis;
• Rely on AI-generated references without verification;
• Misrepresent translated, secondary, or indirect sources as primary sources.

引用诚信是原创性评估的重要组成部分。即使相似度不高，虚构文献、错误 DOI、不能支持论点的引用或 AI 生成的伪文献也可能构成研究诚信问题。

Authors remain fully responsible for all AI-assisted content. Generative AI tools may produce inaccurate summaries, fabricated references, unattributed paraphrases, or text that closely resembles existing sources.

• AI tools must not be used to fabricate data, references, legal materials, interviews, survey responses, quotations, images, or findings;
• AI-assisted paraphrasing must not be used to disguise plagiarism or inappropriate reuse;
• AI-generated references must be verified against real sources before submission;
• Substantive AI use should be disclosed in the manuscript or declaration file where applicable;
• Confidential manuscripts, participant data, or unpublished materials should not be uploaded to external AI tools in ways that compromise confidentiality or data protection.

作者须对 AI 辅助内容的原创性、准确性、引用完整性和伦理合规承担全部责任。不得使用 AI 伪造文献、数据、案例、访谈、图像或研究结论，也不得用 AI 改写掩盖抄袭。

Authors should check the manuscript carefully before submission. JLPCS does not accept the explanation that plagiarism, fabricated references, duplicate submission, or inappropriate reuse occurred unintentionally without requiring editorial assessment.

• Review all quotations, paraphrases, translations, tables, figures, and legal sources for proper citation;
• Check that every in-text citation appears in the reference list and every reference is cited in the text;
• Ensure that reused material from the authors’ prior work is cited and disclosed;
• Verify all AI-assisted text, translations, summaries, and references;
• Confirm that the manuscript is not under review elsewhere;
• Remove accidental copying from notes, literature matrices, drafts, translations, or AI-generated summaries;
• Prepare an originality, conflict of interest, funding, data availability, and AI-use statement where applicable.

作者应在投稿前全面核查引文、转述、翻译、表格、图形、法律来源和参考文献，确保不存在未经披露的重复使用、一稿多投、虚构文献或 AI 辅助导致的来源错误。

If plagiarism, duplicate publication, inappropriate reuse, citation manipulation, fabricated references, or other originality concerns are identified after publication, JLPCS may assess the matter under its publication ethics and research integrity policies.

Possible post-publication actions include:

• Requesting an explanation from the authors;
• Comparing the published article with the alleged source or prior publication;
• Consulting editors, reviewers, institutions, publishers, or ethics experts where appropriate;
• Publishing a correction when the issue is limited and correctable;
• Publishing an expression of concern while investigation is ongoing;
• Retracting the article when plagiarism or redundant publication seriously affects the reliability or integrity of the article;
• Notifying relevant institutions or publishers where appropriate.

出版后如发现抄袭、重复发表、不当文本重复使用、引用操纵或虚构文献，JLPCS 可根据出版伦理和研究诚信政策进行核查，并视情况发布更正、关注声明、撤稿或通知相关机构。

中文稿件可使用中文原创性声明。作者应根据真实情况修改示例，不得隐瞒会议论文、工作论文、学位论文、报告或其他先前传播版本。

Questions about plagiarism, similarity screening, citation correction, prior dissemination, text recycling, duplicate submission, or originality statements may be directed to the JLPCS Editorial Office.

有关抄袭、相似度检测、引用修正、先前传播、文本重复使用、一稿多投或原创性声明的问题，可联系 JLPCS 编辑部。

Email: [email protected]