This policy explains how JLPCS handles post-publication errors, ethical concerns, research integrity issues, authorship problems, data concerns, peer review irregularities, and other matters that may affect the reliability or transparency of the published record.

The purpose of post-publication action is to correct the scholarly record, alert readers to significant concerns, and preserve trust in academic communication. Post-publication notices are not intended primarily as punishment, but as a mechanism to maintain accuracy, transparency, and accountability.

本政策说明 JLPCS 如何处理出版后错误、伦理问题、研究诚信问题、署名问题、数据问题、同行评议异常以及其他可能影响已发表记录可靠性或透明度的事项。出版后处理的核心目的在于纠正学术记录、提醒读者注意重大问题，并维护学术传播的可信度。

A correction may be issued when an article contains an error that affects interpretation, citation, metadata, authorship information, funding details, data presentation, references, tables, figures, or other article components, but the article remains reliable overall.

Corrections may address:

• Author name, affiliation, ORCID, corresponding author, or contact information errors;
• Funding, conflict of interest, ethics approval, data availability, or AI-use statement errors;
• Errors in tables, figures, captions, supplementary files, references, legal citations, or metadata;
• Minor factual, analytical, typographical, translation, formatting, or production errors that require formal clarification;
• Omitted acknowledgments, permissions, contributor information, or explanatory notes;
• Errors introduced during copyediting, typesetting, proofing, metadata processing, or online publication.

当错误需要公开修正但不影响文章整体可靠性时，JLPCS 可发布更正。更正应清楚说明错误内容、修正内容以及更正原因，并与原文保持可识别关联。

A retraction may be issued when the published article is no longer reliable or should not remain part of the scholarly record as a valid publication. Retraction may occur because of honest error, research misconduct, publication misconduct, legal concerns, or serious ethical problems.

Grounds for retraction may include:

• Plagiarism, duplicate publication, redundant publication, or substantial unattributed overlap;
• Data fabrication, data falsification, image manipulation, fabricated interviews, fabricated survey responses, or unsupported findings;
• Serious errors that invalidate the article’s conclusions or make the findings unreliable;
• Ethics approval, informed consent, participant protection, privacy, or data protection violations;
• Undisclosed conflicts of interest, funding influence, sponsorship influence, or legal conflicts that materially affect the article;
• Authorship fraud, ghost authorship, gift authorship, purchased authorship, false author identity, or unresolved authorship manipulation;
• Peer review manipulation, fabricated reviewer identity, reviewer fraud, or compromised editorial process;
• Copyright infringement, lack of required permissions, legal restriction, or serious misuse of third-party materials;
• Use of AI tools to fabricate data, references, legal materials, quotations, images, analysis, or findings.

撤稿用于处理已发表文章存在严重可靠性、原创性、伦理、数据、同行评议、署名、法律或出版诚信问题的情形。撤稿通知应尽量说明撤稿原因，并保持原文记录与撤稿通知之间的清晰链接。

An expression of concern may be issued when JLPCS has reason to believe that a published article may be unreliable or ethically problematic, but the available evidence is not yet sufficient to issue a correction or retraction.

An expression of concern may be appropriate when:

• Serious allegations are under investigation but no final determination has been made;
• Authors, institutions, funders, ethics committees, or third parties have not yet provided required information;
• Evidence is conflicting, incomplete, or difficult to verify;
• The investigation is delayed but readers should be alerted to possible concerns;
• There are credible concerns about data, ethics approval, consent, authorship, plagiarism, conflicts of interest, or peer review integrity;
• Legal or institutional processes prevent immediate publication of a final correction or retraction decision.

关注声明并不等同于最终认定。其作用是在调查尚未完成或证据尚不充分时，及时提醒读者注意文章可能存在的重大问题。

JLPCS distinguishes formal corrections from minor technical updates. Minor changes that do not affect the scholarly record may be corrected without a formal correction notice at the discretion of the editorial office.

Minor updates may include:

• Minor typographical errors that do not affect meaning;
• Minor layout, spacing, pagination, formatting, or display corrections;
• Broken internal links, non-substantive metadata display issues, or file replacement due to production error;
• Minor language corrections that do not affect interpretation, results, conclusions, authorship, ethics, or citation.

若错误影响文章解释、引用、作者信息、伦理声明、数据、结果、结论或出版记录，应优先使用正式更正，而不是静默修改。

Post-publication concerns may be raised by authors, readers, reviewers, editors, institutions, ethics committees, funders, publishers, legal representatives, affected participants, or other parties with relevant evidence.

A report should include, where available:

• Article title, author name, DOI, issue information, or article URL;
• A clear description of the concern;
• Specific evidence, documents, comparison text, data files, screenshots, source links, or correspondence;
• Whether the concern involves error, plagiarism, data, ethics, authorship, peer review, conflict of interest, copyright, or legal issues;
• Name and contact information of the reporting party, unless anonymity is requested;
• Any relevant institutional, legal, ethical, or publication history information.

报告应尽量基于事实和证据。缺乏具体证据的笼统指控可能无法启动正式调查；恶意、骚扰性或明知不实的指控也可能被视为伦理问题。

Formal post-publication notices should be clear, accessible, and linked to the original article. The notice should allow readers to understand what has changed, why the notice was issued, and how the article record should be interpreted.

A notice should normally include:

• Article title, author name, journal name, issue information, DOI, and publication date where applicable;
• Type of notice, such as correction, retraction, expression of concern, or editorial note;
• Clear description of the error, concern, or reason for action;
• Whether the article findings remain reliable, are corrected, are under investigation, or should not be relied upon;
• Date of the notice and issuing authority;
• Links between the notice and the original article;
• Any updated files, metadata, supplementary materials, or article labels where necessary.

正式通知应清楚、可访问，并与原文建立明确链接。通知应帮助读者理解发生了什么、为何采取措施，以及原文应如何被引用或解读。

JLPCS aims to preserve the scholarly record while making the publication status of an article clear. Retracted articles are not normally removed from the journal website unless legal, privacy, safety, or court-related reasons require restricted access.

• Corrected articles may remain online with a linked correction notice;
• Retracted articles should be clearly marked as retracted where technically possible;
• Expressions of concern should remain linked to the article while the concern is unresolved;
• Metadata may be updated to reflect correction, retraction, expression of concern, or editorial notice status;
• PDF, HTML, supplementary files, and article landing pages may be watermarked, labelled, replaced, or supplemented where appropriate;
• Indexing, DOI, metadata, and archiving services may be notified where applicable.

JLPCS 通常保留已发表记录，并通过标签、链接、通知和元数据更新说明文章状态。撤稿文章通常不直接删除，以避免破坏学术记录；但涉及法律、隐私、安全或法院命令等特殊情况时，可限制访问。

Authors should notify the JLPCS Editorial Office promptly if they discover a significant error in their published article. Prompt disclosure supports correction of the scholarly record and may reduce the risk of misunderstanding or later integrity concerns.

An author correction request should include:

• Article title, DOI, issue information, and corresponding author details;
• Exact location of the error, such as page, paragraph, table, figure, reference, or supplementary file;
• Description of the error and proposed correction;
• Explanation of whether the error affects results, conclusions, ethical statements, data, authorship, funding, conflicts of interest, or citation;
• Confirmation from all authors where the correction affects authorship, interpretation, conclusions, or declarations;
• Supporting evidence or revised files where applicable.

作者发现已发表文章存在重要错误时，应及时联系编辑部。更正请求应具体说明错误位置、错误性质、拟更正内容及其对文章结论和出版记录的影响。

Changes to authorship after publication require careful assessment. JLPCS may issue a correction when author names, affiliations, ORCID iDs, contribution statements, acknowledgments, funding details, or corresponding author information are inaccurate or incomplete.

• All affected authors should provide written confirmation for authorship changes;
• Requests to add or remove authors after publication require strong justification;
• Authorship disputes may be referred to the authors’ institutions where appropriate;
• JLPCS may pause the correction process if there is unresolved dispute among authors;
• Corrections involving authorship should be transparent and linked to the original article.

出版后作者变更属于重要出版记录事项。增加、删除或调整作者顺序通常需要充分理由和所有相关作者书面确认；存在署名争议时，编辑部可要求机构介入。

Post-publication concerns involving data, ethics approval, informed consent, participant privacy, sensitive information, or confidential records may require correction, expression of concern, retraction, or restricted access depending on the severity and evidence.

Issues may include:

• Missing, inaccurate, or misleading ethics approval information;
• Lack of informed consent where consent was required;
• Disclosure of identifiable participant information, private communications, confidential legal records, or sensitive institutional data;
• Data fabrication, falsification, unavailable data, unsupported claims, or unreliable statistical analysis;
• Misuse of platform data, social media content, screenshots, recordings, images, or direct quotations;
• Failure to disclose data restrictions, funding influence, conflicts of interest, or AI-assisted data processing.

涉及数据可靠性、人类受试者、知情同意、隐私、敏感信息或保密资料的问题，可能影响文章是否仍可被信赖。编辑部会根据问题性质、证据强度和对学术记录的影响选择适当措施。

Authors may respond to post-publication concerns and may appeal editorial actions when they believe that a decision was based on factual error, procedural irregularity, incomplete information, or new evidence.

An appeal should include:

• Article title, DOI, and publication details;
• The decision or notice being appealed;
• Clear grounds for appeal;
• Specific evidence, documentation, data, permissions, ethics materials, or institutional correspondence;
• A professional and evidence-based explanation addressing the concern.

申诉不保证改变原决定。编辑部可维持原决定、修订通知内容、重新评估、邀请独立意见、联系机构，或采取其他适当措施。

JLPCS handles post-publication concerns confidentially to the extent possible. Information is shared only with individuals or organizations that need to be involved in assessment, response, investigation, correction, or publication record management.

• Concerns are assessed based on evidence, not assumptions or personal disagreement;
• Authors or relevant parties should normally have an opportunity to respond where appropriate;
• Editors, reviewers, or guest editors with conflicts of interest should not handle the matter;
• Reporting parties should be treated respectfully and protected from unnecessary disclosure where possible;
• Editorial notices should be factual, proportionate, and focused on the integrity of the scholarly record.

出版后问题处理应兼顾证据、程序、保密、公正和学术记录完整性。通知内容应客观、克制、可核查，并避免不必要的个人化或惩罚性措辞。

Questions or reports concerning corrections, retractions, expressions of concern, article withdrawal, post-publication ethics issues, or research integrity concerns may be directed to the JLPCS Editorial Office.

有关更正、撤稿、关注声明、文章撤回、出版后伦理问题或研究诚信问题的咨询或报告，可联系 JLPCS 编辑部。

Email: [email protected]