This policy defines JLPCS’s expectations for research integrity and explains how the journal identifies, assesses, and responds to suspected research misconduct or integrity concerns before, during, and after publication.

This policy applies to all authors, reviewers, editors, editorial staff, guest editors, contributors, and published articles associated with JLPCS.

本政策说明 JLPCS 对研究诚信的基本要求，以及本刊在投稿、审稿、录用、出版制作和出版后阶段识别、评估和处理研究不端或诚信问题的程序。本政策适用于作者、审稿人、编辑、编辑部工作人员、客座编辑、贡献者和已发表文章。

Authors must present research data, evidence, legal materials, documents, interview records, survey results, experimental findings, online materials, images, tables, figures, statistical results, and quotations honestly and accurately.

• Data must not be invented, altered, selectively omitted, or misrepresented.
• Images, screenshots, tables, figures, and charts must not be manipulated in a misleading manner.
• Legal materials, cases, statutes, policies, regulations, and institutional documents must be cited accurately and verifiably.
• Survey, interview, experiment, observation, coding, and sampling procedures should be described transparently.
• Statistical analysis should be reported honestly, including limitations, uncertainty, and effect sizes where appropriate.
• Authors should retain underlying research records and supporting materials where legally and ethically permissible.

作者不得伪造、篡改、选择性隐瞒或误导性呈现数据、证据、法律材料和研究结果。涉及个人数据、敏感材料、机构资料或保密文件的研究，应同时遵守伦理和法律要求。

Citations and references must accurately represent the sources used in the manuscript. Authors must not fabricate references, cite sources they have not consulted where verification is necessary, or cite sources that do not support the claims made.

• All cited sources must be complete, accurate, and verifiable.
• Every in-text citation must appear in the reference list, and every reference list entry must be cited in the manuscript.
• Authors should not include irrelevant citations to inflate citation counts or satisfy inappropriate citation pressure.
• Self-citation should be used only when academically necessary and must not be excessive or misleading.
• Legal, policy, institutional, online, and Chinese-language sources should be cited with sufficient information for readers to locate the exact source.
• All references must follow APA 7 style unless a specific legal citation format is required for clarity.

引用应真实反映研究基础，不得虚构文献、操纵引用、堆砌无关文献或引用不能支持论点的来源。

Research involving human participants, interviews, surveys, experiments, behavioral observation, psychological testing, platform data, personal data, sensitive information, minors, vulnerable groups, or institutional records must comply with applicable ethical, legal, and institutional requirements.

• Ethics approval information should be provided where applicable.
• Authors should explain how informed consent was obtained or why consent was not required.
• Participant privacy, anonymity, confidentiality, and welfare should be protected.
• Personal and sensitive data should be collected, stored, analyzed, and reported responsibly.
• Online research should consider platform terms, privacy expectations, consent, identifiability, and potential harm.
• Legal, institutional, or confidential materials should not be disclosed in violation of applicable obligations.

涉及访谈、问卷、实验、心理测量、平台数据、个人信息、未成年人、脆弱群体或敏感材料的研究，应提供必要的伦理审批、知情同意、隐私保护和数据安全说明。

Authorship must accurately reflect substantial scholarly contribution and accountability for the manuscript. All listed authors should approve the submitted version and agree to be accountable for the integrity of the work.

JLPCS does not accept:

• Guest authorship, where a person is listed without sufficient contribution;
• Gift authorship, where authorship is granted because of status, courtesy, hierarchy, or exchange;
• Ghost authorship, where a substantial contributor is omitted;
• Coercive authorship, where authorship is imposed through pressure or authority;
• Unauthorized authorship changes after submission, revision, acceptance, or publication.

投稿后如需增加、删除或调整作者顺序，作者应向编辑部提交说明，并取得所有相关作者的书面确认。作者身份争议可能导致审稿或出版流程暂停。

Authors must disclose substantive use of generative AI or AI-assisted tools in manuscript preparation, including drafting support, translation, language editing, coding assistance, literature organization, data processing, image generation, or statistical assistance.

• AI tools must not be listed as authors.
• AI tools must not be used to fabricate data, legal materials, cases, references, interviews, survey responses, images, or findings.
• Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, citations, evidence, interpretation, and ethical compliance of all content.
• AI-generated or AI-assisted content must be checked carefully for false references, unsupported claims, fabricated details, bias, and legal or factual inaccuracies.
• Confidential, personal, or sensitive data must not be uploaded to external AI tools in ways that compromise confidentiality, consent, or data protection.

生成式人工智能不得作为作者，也不得用于伪造数据、文献、案例、访谈、图像或研究结论。作者须对 AI 辅助内容进行实质性核查并承担全部责任。

Research integrity concerns may be identified through editorial screening, similarity reports, peer review, author disclosures, reader reports, post-publication correspondence, institutional notifications, or other credible evidence.

Reports should include, where available:

• Manuscript title, article title, submission ID, DOI, or issue information;
• A clear description of the concern;
• Specific evidence, documents, sources, screenshots, comparison text, or data details;
• Names and contact information of the reporting party, unless anonymity is requested;
• Any relevant institutional, legal, ethical, or publication information.

研究诚信问题可由编辑部、审稿人、作者、读者、机构或其他相关方提出。举报或报告应尽量基于事实和证据，避免无根据的指控。

JLPCS may take appropriate editorial action depending on the stage of the manuscript, severity of the concern, reliability of the evidence, author response, and potential impact on the scholarly record.

• Return the manuscript to authors for clarification, correction, or additional documentation;
• Pause editorial handling, peer review, production, or publication while the concern is assessed;
• Reject the manuscript before or after peer review;
• Request correction of errors, citations, data statements, authorship details, or ethics disclosures;
• Invite additional reviewers or independent experts;
• Issue a correction, expression of concern, retraction, or editorial notice after publication;
• Notify relevant institutions, ethics committees, funders, publishers, or authorities where appropriate.

编辑措施应与问题性质、证据强度和对学术记录的影响相称。诚信处理的目标是保护学术记录，而不是惩罚个人。

Authors may appeal research integrity decisions when they believe that a decision was based on factual error, procedural irregularity, misunderstanding, or new evidence. Appeals should be submitted in writing and should clearly explain the grounds for appeal.

An appeal should include:

• Manuscript title, submission ID, article title, or DOI where applicable;
• The decision or action being appealed;
• A concise explanation of the grounds for appeal;
• Specific evidence or documentation supporting the appeal;
• A professional response to the integrity concern.

申诉应基于事实、程序或新证据。申诉不保证改变原决定。编辑部可维持原决定、重新评估、邀请独立意见或采取其他适当措施。

Research integrity concerns are handled confidentially to the extent possible. Information is shared only with individuals or organizations that need to be involved in assessment, response, investigation, correction, or publication record management.

• Allegations should be assessed based on evidence rather than assumptions.
• Authors or relevant parties should normally have an opportunity to respond where appropriate.
• Editors and reviewers with conflicts of interest should not handle integrity investigations.
• Whistleblowers and reporting parties should be treated respectfully and protected from unnecessary disclosure where possible.
• Bad-faith, knowingly false, malicious, or harassing allegations may themselves be treated as an ethical concern.

研究诚信问题处理应兼顾保密、公正、证据和程序。编辑部应避免未经核实的公开指控，同时也应认真处理有证据支持的诚信问题。

Questions or concerns about research integrity, plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, authorship, citation manipulation, data concerns, duplicate publication, or post-publication issues may be directed to the JLPCS Editorial Office.

有关研究诚信、抄袭、伪造、篡改、作者署名、引用操纵、数据问题、重复发表或出版后问题的咨询或报告，可联系 JLPCS 编辑部。

Email: [email protected]